Submarine to be stationed on Guam in 2010

Guam will be home to a fast attack submarine this time next year. Congresswoman Madeleine Bordallo announced that the USS Oklahoma City currently home ported in Norfolk, Virginia and undergoing a major overhaul—will be home ported on the island in 2010.

The Oklahoma City–with its 121 enlisted sailors and 13 officers—– will replace the USS City of Corpus Christi which will go to Hawaii for repairs.

The congresswoman says the home porting of the submarine shows the navy's continued commitment to maintaining a forward deployed presence on Guam.

source : kuam

Royal Navy's New nuclear sub begins sea trials

The Royal Navy's biggest and most powerful attack submarine has set sail from the Cumbrian shipyard where it was built for sea trials.

Astute is due to go into full service in 2010

Astute set sail from Barrow for its first set of trials before heading to a new home at Faslane in Scotland.

Measuring nearly 328ft (100m) from bow to stern, Astute is armed with 38 torpedoes and missiles - more than any previous Royal Navy submarine.

The BAE Systems-built vessel is due to go into full service next year.

Astute will be able to circumnavigate the entire globe while submerged and advanced nuclear technology means that it will never need to be refuelled.

'Huge challenge'
Defence Equipment and Support Minister Quentin Davies said: "This is a significant milestone for Astute as she sails for the first time.

"The Astute class of submarines will deliver a step change in capability for defence in terms of anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, protecting the deterrent, and providing land attack and intelligence gathering.

"Astute will now begin a set of sea trials ahead of her full acceptance with the Royal Navy next year."

Rear Admiral Simon Lister oversaw the final stages of the submarine production in Cumbria and preparation for sea trials.

He said: "Building a nuclear submarine is a huge challenge and demands the highest standards of design, engineering and manufacturing to ensure she can safely perform her demanding duties.

"Astute represents the sum of thousands of individual efforts, and everyone involved in her creation can be proud."

The submarine is expected to arrive in Faslane on The Clyde, later this week.

Source : bbc

CHINESE ANTISHIP MISSILES

* Along with Termit derivatives, the Chinese have also developed an air-launched ASM said to be derived from the Exocet, designated the "C-801". The resemblance is actually slight, though it is in a similar class to the Exocet and is powered by a solid-fuel rocket. It can be fired from ship, shore battery, or aircraft.

Specifications
Contractor	CHETA - China Hai Yang [Sea Eagle] Electro-Mechanical Technology - CASC 3rd Academy
Entered Service
Total length	5.81 m
Diameter	0.36 m
Wingspan	1.18 m
Weight	625 kg (not including booster)
Warhead Weight	165 kg HE
Propulsion	one solid rocket engine, one solid booster
Maximum Speed
Maximum effective range	8-42 km
Guidance mode	automatic control + homing
Single-shot hit probability	75%

The C-801 led to the "C-802", which features a turbojet engine instead of a solid-fuel rocket engine. Iran has obtained the C-801 and C-802; one such missile passed on to the Lebanese Hezbollah Shiite militia was used to attack an Israeli patrol boat during the fighting in the summer of 2006. It damaged the patrol boat and sank a small Egyptian freighter.
The Chinese are also believed to have built a number of other antiship missiles in various classes and with a confusing array of designations, but details remain unclear and not all appear to have been actually put into service.

Soviet Missiles Part II

SS-N-17 'Snipe'

Type: SLBM

Soviet designation: R-31 and D-11 (3M17), RSM-45

Designer:

Lenght: 11.06 m

Diameter: 1.54 m

Launch weight: 26,900 kg

Maximum range: 3,900 km

Propulsion: Three-stage solid-propellant rocket + PBV

Guidance: Inertial + computer controlled PBV

CEP: 1,400 m

Warhead: 450 kg 1 MT nuclear

Platforms: Yankee II

Operational: Entered service in 1977, phased out in the early 1990s

Flight tests of the RSM-45 began in 1975. It was the first Soviet solid-propellant SLBM and the first to employ a post-boost vehicle. It was only deployed to a single Yankee II-class SSBN that carried 12 missiles.

SS-N-18 'Stingray' Mod 1/Mod 2/Mod 3

Type: SLBM

Specifications
	Mod1	Mod2	Mod3
DIA	SS-N-18	SS-N-18	SS-N-18
NATO	Stingray	Stingray	Stingray
Bilateral	RSM-50	RSM-50	RSM-50
Service	R-29R	R-29R	R-29R
OKB/Industry	3M40
Design Bureau	NII Mashinostroyeniya	NII Mashinostroyeniya	NII Mashinostroyeniya
Approved
Years of R&D	1973-	1973-	1973-
Engineering and Testing
First Flight Test
IOC
Deployment Date	1979
Launch system	D-9R	D-9R	D-9R
Submarine	Delta III	Delta III	Delta III
Type of Warhead	Single	MIRVed	MIRVed
Warheads	1	3	7
Yield (mt)	0.450	0.2	0.1
Payload (t)	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total length (m)	14.1	14.1	14.1
Total length w/o warhead (m)
Missile Diameter (m)	1.8	1.8	1.8
Diameter of Stabilizers (m)
Launch Weight (t)	35.3	35.3	35.3
Fuel Weight (t)
Range (km)	8000	6500	6500
CEP (m) (Russian Sources)	900	900	900
CEP (m) Western Sources)
Number of Stages	2 plus post boost vehicle
Warheads deployed
Booster guidance system	Astroinertial
	1st stage	2nd stage
Length (m)
Body diameter (m)
Fueled weight (t)
Dry weight (t)
Engine Designation
Propellants	Liquid
Fuel
Oxidizer
Burning time (s)
Verniers Thrust Sea Level/Vacuum (kn)
Specific Impulse (s)
Launching Technique
Firing conditions: Sea state Submarine Speed, kn
Deployed boosters
Test Boosters
Warheads Deployed
Training Launchers

Operational: Entered service in 1977/1978/1979

Flight tests of the RSM-50, which was the first MIRVed Soviet SLBM, started in 1975. 16 missiles are carried by the Delta III-class SSBNs.

SS-N-20 'Sturgeon'

Type: SLBM

Specifications
DIA	SS-N-20
NATO	Sturgeon
Bilateral	RSM-52
Service	R-39
OKB/Industry	3M-65 & 3M-91
Design Bureau	Makeyev
Approved
Years of R&D	1973-`979
Engineering and Testing
First Flight Test	1979
IOC
Deployment Date	May 1983
Launch system	D-19 with 20 missiles
Submarine	Typhoon
Type of Warhead	MIRVed
Warheads	10
Yield (mt)	0.1 each
Payload (kg)	2550
Total length (m)	16.0
Total length w/o warhead (m)	8.4
Missile Diameter (m)	2.4
Diameter of Stabilizers (m)
Launch Weight (t)	90
Fuel Weight (t)
Range (km)
CEP (m) (Russian Sources)	500
CEP (m) Western Sources)
Number of Stages	3
Warheads Deployed
Booster guidance system	Astro-inertial
	1st stage	2nd stage	3rd stage
Length (m)
Body diameter (m)
Fueled weight (t)
Dry weight (t)
Engine Designation
Propellants	Solid	Solid	Solid
Fuel
Oxidizer
Burning time (s)
Verniers Thrust Sea Level/Vacuum (kn)
Specific Impulse (s)
Launching Technique	Underwater dry start
Firing condition	Sea state - Any weather Submarine speed, kn

Operational: Entered service in 1983

The RSM-52 was trialed aboard a modified Golf-class SSB (the Golf V). After a very difficult development perioid, it was deployed aboard the six Typhoon-class SSBNs, each carrying 20 missiles in launch tubes forward of the sail.

New technical solutions, realized in the rocket:

rocket engines on the high-energy solid fuel with the use of new construction materials;
• control system, which uses principle of the generalized celestial correction;
• the high-speed small warheads ["combat blocks"] of the increased specific power;
• the amortization rocket-starting system, which ensures storage, transport and the launch of rocket;
• the aggregates of ground-based technological equipment at the railroad motion (with the cockless transfer of rockets) and the complex of the means of their loadings, which ensure safety of the operation of rockets.

The R-39 rocket includes a three-stage solid fuel booster, amortization rocket-starting system ([ARSS]) and divided head part ([RGCH]). They enter into the composition of head part: combat equipment of 10 combat blocks, equipment of control system and the liquid propellant rocket engine, which ensures the individual guidance of combat blocks to the target.

Reference : russianforces

SS-N-21 'Sampson'

Type: Land-attack cruise missile (SLCM)

Soviet designation: S-10 Granat (3M10)

Designer: Raduga

Lenght: 6.4 m

Diameter: 0.51 m

Span: 3.1 m

Launch weight: 1,700 kg

Maximum range: 3,000 km

Maximum speed: 720 km/h

Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + R-95-300 turbofan sustainer

Guidance: Inertial + TERCOM

Fire Control: None

Warhead: 200 kT nuclear

Platforms: Akula, Sierra II, Victor III, Yankee Notch

Operational: Entered service in 1987

In development since December 1976, the S-10 belongs to the same family as the Kh-55 (AS-15) and RK-55 (SSC-X-4) cruise missiles. Launch trials were conducted from a modified Victor III-class SSN and the first two Akula-class SSNs. The Victor III-class SSN was fitted with a pod containing two S-10 missiles forward of the sail. Also two Yankee-class SSBNs were converted to carry this missile in special launch tubes in place of the SLBMs. The Akula-class SSN was originally designed especially for the purpose of carrying the S-10, but the design was later revised to a conventional SSN. On SSNs, the S-10 is launched from standard 533 mm torpedo tubes. The missile cruises at an altitude of 40 to 200 meters and has a CEP of about 150 meters. It is equipped with the Sprut guidance system and the BSU-55 control system that performs terrain following flight and anti-intercept manoeuvring. Its turbofan engine was developed by MKB Soyuz.

SS-N-22 'Sunburn'

Type: Anti-ship cruise missile

Soviet designation: P-80 Zubr, P-100 Oniks, P-270 Moskit (3M80, 3M82)

Designer: Raduga

Lenght: 9.39 m

Diameter: 0.76 m

Span: 2.1 m

Launch weight: 3,950 kg

Maximum range: 120 km

Maximum speed: Mach 2.5

Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + 3D83 ramjet sustainer

Guidance: Inertial + active or passive radar terminal homing

Fire Control: Band Stand (Titanit/Mineral) + Light Bulb datalink

Warhead: 320 kg SAP or 200 kT nuclear

Platforms: Sovremenny, Tarantul III, Dergach, Udaloy II, Akula, Sierra, Victor III, Lun (WIG)

Operational: Entered service in 1984

Maximum Speed	Mach 2 [some claim Mach 3]
Maximum effective range	48 nm (90 km) 65 nm (120 km) in 3M80E some sources claim 250 km
Flight Altitude	20 meters above sea level

The SS-N-22 designation applies to two different missile types. The P-80 (3M82) missile with rocket propulsion was designed by NPO Mash and fitted to early Sovremenny-class destroyers beginning in 1981. The P-100 (3K55) is an encapsulated folding-wing version of P-80 for underwater launch from 650 mm torpedo tubes on SSNs. The development of the P-270, for which the above data is given, began in 1973 as a replacement for the P-15 (SS-N-2). The missile cruises at an altitude of about 20 meters, reducing to 7 meters during the terminal phase. It can sink ships of up to 20,000 tons displacement. The combustion chamber of the missile's ramjet engine, developed by MKB Soyuz, is filled by a solid-propellant rocket booster. After launch, the booster fires for four seconds, accelerating the missile to about Mach 1.8, after which it is pushed away by the airflow and the liquid-propellant ramjet takes over. Four (KT-190) or two (KT-152) launch canisters are usually grouped together at a fixed angle. The Moskit missile system was designed primarily for use against small NATO naval groups in the Baltic and Black Seas, and against amphibious groups. Two to four small missile vessels were to perform coordinated hit-and-run attacks.

SS-N-23 'Skiff'

Type: SLBM

Soviet designation: R-29RM and D-9RM (3M37)

Designer:

Lenght: 16.8 m

Diameter: 1.9 m

Launch weight: 40,300 kg

Maximum range: 8,300 km

Propulsion: Three-stage liquid-propellant rocket + PBV

Guidance: Stellar-inertial + computer controlled PBV

CEP: 900/500 m

Warhead: 2,800 kg nuclear, ten 100 kT MIRVs

Platforms: Delta IV

Operational: Entered service in 1986

First flight tests of the RSM-54 were conducted in 1983, and 16 missiles are now carried by the Delta IV-class SSBNs. An improved version with better accuracy was deployed in 1988, bringing the CEP down from 900 to 500 metres.

SS-NX-24 'Scorpion'

Type: Land-attack cruise missile (SLCM)

Soviet designation: P-750 Grom (3M25 Meteorit-M)

Designer: NPO Mash

Lenght: 12.8 m

Diameter:

Span:

Launch weight:

Maximum range: 3,000 km

Maximum speed: Mach 2.5

Propulsion: Two liquid-propellant rocket boosters + ramjet sustainer

Guidance: Inertial + TERCOM

Fire Control: None

Warhead:

Platforms: Yankee Sidecar (Pr. 667M)

Operational: Cancelled

The development of the Meteorit-M was initiated in December 1976 alongside the Meteorit-A (AS-X-19) and Meteorit-N (SSC-X-5) advanced cruise missiles. The Yankee-class SSBN K-420 was rebuilt in 1979-1982 under the project Andromeda with 12 angled launch tubes amidships. Test launches began in December 1983, but the programme was cancelled in 1989 after severe development difficulties. The Meteorit-M was to be a long range supersonic high altitude land-attack cruise missile.

SS-N-25 'Switchblade'

Type: Anti-ship cruise missile

Soviet designation: Uran (3M24)

Designer: Zvezda

Lenght: 4.4 m

Diameter: 0.42 m

Span: 1.3 m

Launch weight: 630 kg

Maximum range: 130 km

Maximum speed: 1,100 km/h

Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + turbofan sustainer

Guidance: Inertial + active radar terminal homing

Fire Control: Band Stand (Monolit/Garpun-Bal)

Warhead: 145 kg SAP

Platforms: Neustrashimy, Gepard, Mod. Krivak I, Ka-28, MiG-33, Yak-141

Operational: Entered service in 1995
Effective range 2.5-70 nm (5-130 km) (air-launched) 

In development since April 1984, trials of the Uran system began in 1987 from a modified Matka-class missile boat. The air-launched version has the US designation AS-20 and the coastal version SSC-X-6. The missile is built mainly of aluminium and has folding wings and tail fins. Its ARGS-35 active radar seeker has been developed by the Leninets company. The Uran cruises at an altitude of 5-10 meters, reducing to 3-5 meters during the terminal phase, and can sink ships of up to 5,000 tons displacement. It was designed primarily for use against small and fast vessels, such as missile boats. The missiles are usually carried in two KT-184 angled launchers each housing four missile tubes. The system has been exported to India and Vietnam.

The interior of the 3M-24E (SS-N-25 Switchblade) AShM

1. Active radar homing head	6. Air intake
2. Penetrating warhead	7. Fuel system units
3. Autonomous self-destruct system	8. Turbojet engine
4. Internal control system	9. Servo unit
5. Radio altimeter	10. Solid propellant rocket booster

 SS-NX-26

Type: Anti-ship cruise missile

Soviet designation: P-800 Yakhont, Bolid (3M55)

Designer: NPO Mash

Firing range, km:
mixed trajectory up to 300
low trajectory 120
Speed, M 2 to 2.5
Flight altitude, final phase, m 5 to 15
Weight of warhead, kg about 200
Guidance active-passive,
radar seeker head
Minimum target detection range
in active mode, km 50
Maximum seeker head search angle, deg. ±45
Propulsion plant solid propellant
booster stage;
liquid-propellant
ramjet motor
Launcher type underwater, surface, ground
Launch method from closed bottom launch-container
Launch angle range, deg 15 to 90
Weight, kg:
launch about 3,000
in launch-container about 3,900

---

Guidance: Inertial + active or passive radar terminal homing

Fire Control: Band Stand (Titanit)

Warhead: 200 kg HE

Platforms: 12300 Scorpio / DK500 corvette, Mod. Tarantul, Severodvinsk, Lada, 1144 (.2) Kirov class, 22350 Gorshkov class, 20380 Stereguschyy, 1234 Nanuchka class

Operational: Entering service

The development of the P-800 ramjet-powered derivative of the P-80 missile began in 1983 as a fourth-generation replacement for the P-270. It is similar in configuration to the P-270, but has a nose air intake for the ramjet engine with a diffusor cone. The cone assembly houses the radar antenna, electronics, and warhead. The 4,000 kg thrust ramjet engine has an integral solid-propellant rocket booster that is discarded after use, a similar arrangement to that used on the P-270 missile. The missile has RAM coating and a radar warning receiver. The P-800 can either travel its entire flight path at low altitude, or it can first climb to an altitude of 14-15 kilometers for target acquisition and then dive in low for the terminal phase. During terminal phase the missile flies at an altitude of 5-15 metres. The missile is housed in a sealed launch container that is opened only for launch. Bolid is said to be the name of the version for underwater launch from 650 mm torpedo tubes on submarines. It will probably be installed in the new Lada/Amur-class SSKs. Launch trials of the Yakhont missile began in 1987 from a Nanuchka IV-class corvette (Nakat) and a Charlie II-class SSGN (K-452). The P-800 was designed from the very beginning for different types of launch platforms, and there are now the coastal Bastion and air-launched Kh-61 variants. The Yakhont forms the basis for the joint Russian-Indian Brahmos missile project.

SS-NX-27

Type: Anti-ship cruise missile

Soviet designation: P-900 Klub (3M54/3M54M1)

Designer: Novator

Lenght: 8.22/6.2 m

Diameter: 0.533 m

Span: 3.1 m

Launch weight: 2,300/1,780 kg

Maximum range: 220/300 km

Maximum speed: Mach 2.9/0.8

Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + R-95-300 turbofan sustainer

Guidance: Inertial + active radar terminal homing

Fire Control:

Warhead: 200/400 kg HE

Platforms: Lada

Operational: Entering service

The Klub is a family of ship- and submarine-launched missiles derived from the S-10 land-attack cruise missile (LACM). There is some confusion whether the SS-NX-27 designation applies to the 3M51 Alfa or the Klub missile. The 3M51 is an earlier air-launched design similar to the 3M54E. The ship-based system is designated Klub-N and it can be installed in vertical launch cells or angled missile containers, the submarine-based system being designated Klub-S. The 3M54E and 3M54E1 anti-ship missile variants cruise at an altitude of 10-15 meters, descenting to 3-5 meters at a distance of 30-40 kilometers from the target. At 20 kilometers from the target, the 3M54E detaches a Mach 2.9 final atack stage powered by a solid-propellant rocket. The anti-ship variants use the ARGS-54 active radar seeker with a range of about 60 kilometers developed by the Leninets company. The land-attack 3M14 missile has received the US designation SS-NX-30. Other members of the Klub family are the submarine-launched 91RE1 and the ship-launched 91RE2 torpedo-carrying ballistic anti-submarine missiles with ranges of 50 and 40 kilometers, respectively. The Klub system has been exported to India.

RE2, the 3M-54E, the 3M-54E1 and the 91RE1. 

-

-	3M-54E	3M-54E1	3M-14E	91RE1	91RE2
Length {m}	8.22	6.2	6.2	8.0	6.5
Diameter {m}	0.533	0.533	0.533	0.533	0.533
Launch Weight {kg}	2,300	1,780	1,770	2,050	1,300
Maximum Range {km}	220	300	275	50	40
Speed {Mach}	Depends on flight mode (1)	0.6 - 0.8 (2)	0.6 - 0.8 (3)	2.5 (4)	2.0 (5)
Warhead Weight {kg}	200	400	400	76	76
Control System	Inertial plus Active Radar Homing	Inertial plus Active Radar Homing	Inertial	Inertial	Inertial
Flight Altitude over Sea Surface	Not Known	Not Known	20 meters	Not Known	Not Known
Flight Altitude over Ground Surface	Not Known	Not Known	50 - 150 meters	Not Known	Not Known
Flight Path	Low-Flying	Low-Flying	Low-Flying	Ballistic	Ballistic

-

(1) Subsonic Mode: Mach 0.6 - 0.8, Supersonic Mode: Mach 2.9 (2) Terminal Stage Speed for the 3M-54E1 (3) Terminal Stage Speed for the 3M-14E (4) Ballistic Stage Speed for the 91RE1 (5) Ballistic Stage Speed for the 91RE2 Note: The initial booster stage speed for both the 3M-54E and 3M-54E1 are unknown. The 91RE1 and 91RE2 anti-submarine torpedoes have a largely ballistic flight profile. The maximum velocity indicated in the table above relates to the ballistic phase, and not the speed at which the weapon emerges from the torpedo tubes or re-enters the water. The missile continues to accelerate during its burn, until the motor cuts out and it coasts to the top of its trajectory. The torpedo payload is released and a parachute is deployed to reduce velocity and prevent break up on splash down, upon which the torpedo engages the target submarine.

(Left) The pointed nose of the supersonic rocket, which forms the payload of the deadly 3M-54E AShM, protrudes from the front of the complete missile.

	With the exception of the supersonic terminal stage, the 3M-14E LACM flies largely in subsonic mode.
-	-
	A close up shot of the 3M-14E's missile fins which it uses to maintain attitude control during flight.
-	-
	The 3M-14E's two stage motor gives it a long reach of 300 km.

The 91RE1 (Klub-S) and 91RE2 (Klub-N) anti-submarine torpedoes, use a separating underwater missile with a hydro-acoustic seeker and have been designed to destroy submarines. They differ only in their booster configuration. In the Klub-S variant, the torpedoes are launched from the submarine's tubes and the Klub-N uses ship-mounted launchers which can fire in any direction. Both variants use a rocket-booster to reach the designated target area. This considerably extends the target-engagement range in comparison to a conventional torpedo. In the case of the 91RE2 variant, it allows surface vessels to create a far larger defensive perimeter against submarine threats. The 91RE2 weights 1200 kg and has a maximum range of 40 km. The 91RE1 variant allows the launch submarine to engage the target submarine much earlier than a conventional tube-launched torpedo. The 91RE1, is designed to be launched from a 533mm torpedo tube at depths of up to 150 meters while the launch submarine is traveling at up to 15 knots. The missile weighs a total of 2050 kg. At the maximum launch depth, target engagement can be at a range of up to 50 km.

	The sub-launched, 91RE1 anti-submarine torpedo (middle).
-	-
	The ship-launched, 91RE2 anti-submarine torpedo (left).

A universal FCS is used to plan the flight mission, upload this to the missile, and conduct pre-launch preparations. Both versions use a common shore-based system for planned inspection and maintenance of the missiles. Since the different types of missile are compatible with a common shipboard system, the user can load the vessel with whatever mix of weapons is best suited to the planned mission. An un-named official with the Novotar Design Bureau, when describing the 3M-54E variant, said "The Alfa combines aspects of the U.S. Harpoon and French Exocet besides the U.S. Tomahawk. This configuration offers speed, better fuel economy and a greater accuracy rate than the current Western missiles. Once launched from ship, submarine or aircraft, the 1.5-ton missile cruises at subsonic speed 15 feet above the sea to evade radar."

The official adds, "At around 40 miles to its approach to the target, the forward section of the missile separates and ignites a solid booster, which rockets the missile to a supersonic speed of Mach 2.9. The purpose of this is to defeat current anti-missile systems with the Alfa missile's sheer speed. By the time the missile is within enemy radar range, it is already doing Mach 2.9. Within seconds it will be upon its target, even before existing anti-missile systems can fire their engines. Its ability to attack land targets is enhanced by a new homing and guidance system that put it in the Tomahawk league." The Klub presents new challenges to Western defenses like Phalanx and Aegis CIWS currently found aboard many Western-built naval vessels. The Klub-S ASCM is planned to be incorporated into Russia's next generation Amur Class submarine, reportedly of which the first vessel is being built for the Indian Navy. However, that is yet to be confirmed from reliable sources.

Two possible launch modes of the 3M-54E1 AShM.

 

	A B&W image of an early prototype model of the supersonic 3M-51, with wings extended. The missile also goes by the designation, ASM-MS.
-	-
	The 3M-51 on display in 1996, by Novator NPO, in front of a Su-27IB Flanker. The scoop for the turbojet is visible to the rear of the missile.
-	-
	An un-dated photograph of the 3M-51. The 3M-54E1 AShM is at right.

SS-209 Class

 The 209 submarine class is designed to destroy hostile submarines, surface ships, protect friendly naval bases, sea shores communications, and carry out reconnaissance missions. The Type 1200 as a member of the Class 209 ensures reliable early detection of hostile warships, including low-noise submarines, owing to a high effective sonar system and low noise feature of the submarine.

With a full submerged displacement of 1200 tons, they are able to dive 250m (850 ft). They are equipped with four MTU diesel engines, providing a maximum speed 21 knots (submerged) and 11 knots (surfaced). They carry eight 533mm/21inch torpedo tubes at the bow, and are armed with 14 torpedoes or 28 mines. This class has plans to update their capaabilities through equiping with a passive towed array sonar. The last three units are armed with Harpoon SSM launching system.

The high energy content in its big battery gives the commanding officer tactical advantages and options. The workload of the crew is considerably reduced by the modern integrated electronic combat system operated via multipurpose consoles, which combine the sonar, navigation information and weapons systems. The incorporation of new equipment or a different weapon system automatically leads to configuration changes elsewhere in the submarine, as the changes imply different space requirements, altered electrical power supplies

, other cooling facilities, etc.

The propulsion system was initially equipped with suction diesel engines, but later the transition to supercharged engines was completed and notably increased performance values. With the active assistance of the two already mentioned major battery manufacturers, battery quality was improved in both low and high power areas, retaining good results in submerged range and maximum speed, in spite of the increased size of the submarines.

The diesel-based submarine can navigate at 22 knots (44km) of maximum underwater speed, and 2-month solo operation is possible with 40 members of crew and staff. As it is loaded with detection equipment and battle system, and sub-Harpoons, its war-fighting capabilities are outstanding. The submarines are successfully performing their operations, not detected by enemy submarines in joint operations with the U.S., Australia, Japan and other nations in RIMPAC training, demonstrating its excellence.

Daewoo Shipbuilding enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the nation's submarine industry until early 1999. It built nine 1,200 ton-class submarines in a technical tie-up with HDW since 1991 under the ministry's 10-year submarine project, called "KAA-I."

The Changbogo class submarines are Diesel/Electric propulsion submarines, built under license in South Korea, based on German Type 209-1200. ROKS Changbogo(SS-61), the first ship of this class, was launched on June 1992 by HDW at Kiel in Germany and commissioned on June 1993. The remainder were assembled at Okpo by DAEWOO from material packages transported from Germany. The second and subsequent boats were built by Daewoo Heavy Industries Co. at Koje island, South Korea. ROKS Leesunsin (SS-68), the 7th ship launched on 21 May 1998.

Changbogo class ships were named after a historical Generals' name who related with sea. The lead unit is named after Chang Bo-go [Changbogo], the the admiral of Koryo a 1,000 years ago, who created a maritime Kingdom around Wando, an island situated on the southern tip of the Korean peninsula. Changbogo was a General at the Unified Kindom of Shilla who secured the command of the seaway that linked China, Korea and Japan. Apparently there are intended gaps in the numbering of this class, since there is no SS 064 or SS 070. Number 4 and 0 are reportedly not used by the ROK Navy because they are considered unlucky as these numbers have the same sound as the Korean-read Chinese character meaning death. This numerical nomenclature case is similarly applied to all other military branches as, for example, there is no division number containing the number 4 and so on.

A Korean-built SS-209 class submarine, Lee Chun-ham, participated in Naval Exercise Tandem Thrust conducted in late March 1999 in the vicinity of Guam. The Republic of Korea Navy had asked CINCPACFLT to provide FMS support for the Korean submarine to fire a submarine-launched torpedo at the target ship ex-USS Oklahoma City (a 10,600-ton cruiser). The multi-national participants were also intended to fire a total of 11 Harpoon anti-ship missiles at this target. The Harpoons were to have been fired first, then an FMS-provided transponder was to be installed aboard the ex-USS Oklahoma City or the Korean submarine to launch its torpedo attack. Unfortunately, on exercise day it was impossible to clear the range of commercial shipping necessary to safely conduct the multiple Harpoon attacks, and no Harpoons were fired. The Republic of Korea Navy thus got a rare opportunity to conduct a submarine attack against an undamaged cruiser-sized target. The Korean SS-209 did not disappoint. In firing a single torpedo against the target, a direct hit was made, the target broke into two pieces, and sank in 15 minutes. Well done to CINCPACFLT (N403) for providing the necessary torpedo transponder on very short notice, and well done to the Korean Navy on its highly successful, first ever submarine attack.

Specifications
Length	56 m (187.5 ft)
Beam	6.25 m (20.5 ft)
Draft	5.5 m (18 ft)
Propulsion	Diesel/Electric
Speed	21.5 knots, Maximum - submerged 11 knots, Maximum - surfaced
Range	7500 miles (8 knots, snorkel) 370 miles (submerged)
Displacement	1100 tons surfaced 1285 tons surmerged
Crew	30 (6 officers)
Torpedo	14 STN SUT mod 2 or LG Whiteshark
	8 533mm/21inch Torpedo tubes
Mines	28 mines (instead of torpedo)
Missile	SUB-Harpoon [last three units]
Countermeasures	ESM : Argo
Sonars	Atlas Elecktronik CSU 83
Weapon control	Atlas Elecktronik ISUS 83 TFCS
Radars	Navigation : I-Band

Ships
Pennant	Name	Builder	Homeport	Fleet	Launch	Complete
SS 061	Chang Bo Go	HDW, Germany				1993
SS 062	Yi Chon	Daewoo, Korea				1994
SS 063	Choi Mu Son	Daewoo, Korea				1996
SS 065	Pak Ui	Daewoo, Korea				1996
SS 066	Lee Jong Moo	Daewoo, Korea				1998
SS 067	Chong Un	Daewoo, Korea				1998
SS 068	Lee Sun Sin	Daewoo, Korea		9th Flotilla		1999
SS 069	Na Dae Yong	Daewoo, Korea				2000
SS 071	-	Daewoo, Korea				2001