Emergency Surface (Submarine)

WWII Japanese sub PIC

This photo shows the two-man Japanese submarine that was discovered grounded in Hawaii the day after the Pearl Harbor attack of Dec. 7, 1941. The photo in front of City Hall was taken Dec. 14, 1942, during a War Bond sales drive.(source pasadenastarnews)

 A midget Japanese submarine beached in Hawaii after the attack on Pearl Harbor of Dec. 7, 1941.

 Battered Japanese midget submarine believed to be M-14, raised from the floor of Sydney Harbour on 1st June 1942.

Lost of Submarine

 

Abandoned submarine, location unknown 

A Look at Britain's and France's Nuclear Arsenals

 The British nuclear submarine HMS Astute can carry up to 48 nuclear warheads.

For Great Britain and France, the possession of nuclear weapons is a question of national pride, but neither country wants to eliminate its deterrent in the future. For cost reasons alone, though, the countries' arsenals are expected to shrink in the coming years.

France and Great Britain are part of a small club of the five official nuclear powers. The French force de frappe, or deterrent, is made up of approximately 300 nuclear warheads, while the British Royal Navy has just over 160. Both have fleets of four nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed submarines, of which one is always at sea. Paris maintains four more squadrons of planes with nuclear weapons, three on the ground and one at the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier.

Since the end of the Cold War, both countries have considerably shrunken their arsenals. The production of weapons-grade plutonium has been stopped entirely. And Great Britain eliminated all the nuclear weaspons possessed by its army and air force.

Neither London nor Paris is playing a central role in the current debate over disarmament. France and Britain make the point that the United States and Russia must disarm themselves to the level of the two European countries before any need will arise for further negotiations.

Both Countries Look to Successor Generation, But Cuts Still Likely

Neither France nor Great Britain wants to fully give up their nuclear weapons, and both consider the round-the-clock nuclear deterrent to be indispensible. And both countries are working on the successor generation to weapons systems currently in their possession.

With fiscal budgets constrained, however, both countries are considering further limiting the scope of their nuclear arsenals. While speaking before the United Nations last September, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said his country wanted to make due with three nuclear submarines in the future instead of four. The French government recently offered to create a joint sea-based nuclear deterrent by sharing submarine patrols. Experts see the proposal as a model for the future, but the idea has so far been rejected by London.

Cooperation in Europe is also complicated by the fact that the British nuclear program has long been deeply interwoven with that of the United States. The Trident II missiles that are deployed with British submarines are stored in a common pool of missiles of the same type at Kings Bay, Georgia.

Britain and France are the only countries in the European Union to possess their own nuclear weapons. As part of NATO, however, around 200 American short-range nuclear warheads are stored in Europe, including an estimated 20 weapons in Germany.

A look at the two European nuclear powers in facts:

France :

300 nuclear warheads

4 Le Triomphant class submarines, stationed at Ile Longue in Bretagne. Each submarine can carry up to 16 M45 missiles, which can in turn be armed with six war heads each.

The newest submarine, which goes into service in 2010, is armed with M51 long-range missiles with a range of 9,000 kilometers (5,592 miles).

3 squadrons of planes, each with 20 Mirage 2000N, stationed in Istres, Luxeil-Les-Bains and Saint Dizier. They are armed with air-to-surface missiles (ASMP) with a range of up to 300 kilometers.

20 Super Étendard fighter-bombers are stationed on the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle.

Great Britain :

160 nuclear warheads

4 Vanguard-class submarines, stationed at a base in Faslane, Scotland. Each can carry up to 16 Trident missiles (with a range of 10,000 kilometers) with a maximum of 48 war heads on board.

16 underground bunkers for storing nuclear weapons in Coulport near Faslane -- development and construction of the warheads through the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) in Aldermaston, England.

spiegel 

The Hunter

Sea Dagger Special Operations Submarines, Sweden

The Sea Dagger series of submarines are special operations vehicles developed by Kockums of Malmo, Sweden, now owned by HDW of Germany. The small stealthy submarines are tailored for five types of missions: attack; autonomous swimmer delivery; surveillance and minehunting; and as a target vehicle for antisubmarine warfare exercises and training.

 

The Sea Dagger variants are constructed from three modules, the bow and stern modules and one chosen from four specific mission module options. The submarines are small, with displacement in the range of 55t to 72t, a length of between 16 and 20m, a height of 3.6m and a diameter of 2.5m.

The four variants of Sea Dagger are equipped with sonar, communications systems, and a comprehensive navigation suite including a navigation computer, a gyroscope compass, speed log, depth gauge, echo sounder, global positioning system, navigation radar and optronic mast.

The concept consists of six modules: one and two the bow and stern, with the remaining four specific mission modules.

Military procurement is more important?

During the era of Mao Zedong, there was a great saying "rather nukes than trousers". However, it has turned into a negative adjective later.

Of course Malaysia will not turn into such kind of country. But according to the annual report released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the total imports of weapons for Malaysia over the past five years has soared by 722% compared to the previous five years. Even the Defense Minister does not deny it.

Do we need to buy so many weapons? Would the country still have enough of resources to develop education and promote economic transformation after the budget has been spent on military equipment?

Malaysia has been running a budget deficit for 13 years and it is a record-breaking deficit this year, amounting over RM51.1 billion, or 7.4% of gross domestic product (GDP). The central government debt has also made a record increase by 18.3%, reaching RM362.5 billion. It accounts for 52.4% of gross national product (GNP). Averagely, each Malaysian is bearing RM13,426 of debt.

As the financial situation has been deteriorating, the government is trying everything possible to cut expenses, including reducing 20% of school funding, reducing sugar subsidies and it is also planning to increase fuel prices. Schools will now have to bear the cost of utilities and the burden of the poor has been increased. It is really hard to understand why the government still increases military spending.

Singapore's military procurement grew by only 146% and Indonesia grew by 84%, but why has Malaysia grown by 722%, the highest among the three? Old weapons need to be replaced but does it need to surge by seven times? There is no war in Southest Asia, and there is no sign showing an outburst of conflict.

ASEAN has already signed the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone with many countries and Malaysia has also been protected by the Five Power Defence Arrangements. Basically, we are not facing any safety problem. But Malaysia has bought two submarines, six frigates and 26 fighter aircraft over the past five years.

Malaysia spent about RM3.4 billion to buy 18 Su fighters and RM4.6 billion to buy two submarines.

Indonesia Java International Destination at Submanrine Memorial

For travelers, Indonesia Java International Destination event will be interesting because this cover many aspects about Indonesia, including the history. Did you know that Indonesia long time ago has become one of the most feared army in Asia? One of the military equipment of the most feared in the heyday of these are submarine. In 1962, Indonesia has 12 Whiskey class submarine made by the Soviet Union. This type of submarine is one of the best in his time. That is cause enough fear Indonesia at that time, including the Western countries. You can visit the Submarine Memorial named Monkasel in Surabaya City.

Since the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the Republic of Indonesia Navy (Navy) on strengthening the submarine fleet. Indonesia initially tried to make their own submarines in 1947. Then since 1959, Indonesia began to strengthen the sea with a fleet of submarines that Soviet-made SS type Whiskey Class type. In 1962, Indonesia has 12 submarines with torpedoes weapons.

All of these submarines is new. In Indonesia Java International Destination the visitors can visit the Submarine Memorial. In Submarine Monument area, you can see a submarine is large enough.

The name of this submarine is KRI Pasopati with hull number 410. The length of the submarine is 76 meters by 6.3 meters wide.KRI Pasopati submarine is a submarine type type Wishkey SS Class. KRI Pasopati submarine built in 1952 and began to be used in Indonesia on December 15, 1952.

UNIQUE Sight At Clyde Base

THE most dangerous submarine in the world has the world’s most sophisticated warship right in her sights – but luckily for all involved they are both on the same side.

Perhaps uniquely, the Type 45 destroyer HMS Dauntless and the new attack submarine HMS Astute found themselves tied up at berths six and seven at HM Naval Base Clyde last week.

Both are gearing up for their own separate sea trials in preparation for entry into full service with the Royal Navy and both overlapped in visits to the Faslane naval base by just hours.

Astute is the largest attack submarine ever ordered by the navy and she will spend her 25 year lifespan with Faslane as her home port. Her new Core H reactor never needs to be refuelled and her much increased firepower makes her one of the UK’s most potent means of maritime defence.

HMS Dauntless is the second of her class of Type 45, the largest and most powerful destroyers ever ordered by the Royal Navy and the largest ships ordered for UK defence (aircraft carriers excluded) since the Second World War.

Dauntless is the most advanced warship in the world – all electric powered, its sophisticated anti-aircraft systems can track and destroy a cricket ball travelling at three times the speed of sound.

Kapal selam

Kapal selam adalah kapal yang bergerak di bawah permukaan air, umumnya digunakan untuk tujuan dan kepentingan militer. Sebagian besar Angkatan Laut memiliki dan mengoperasikan kapal selam sekalipun jumlah dan populasinya masing-masing negara berbeda. Selain digunakan untuk kepentingan militer, kapal selam juga digunakan untuk ilmu pengetahuan laut dan air tawar dan untuk bertugas di kedalaman yang tidak sesuai untuk penyelam manusia. Jerman memiliki kapal selam yang populer dengan sebutan U-Boat yang merupakan ringkasan bagi Unterseeboot, mulai ditugaskan dalam Perang Dunia I sebagai sistem senjata yang mematikan bagi Angkatan Laut lawan terlebih-lebih pada Perang Dunia II. Sehingga terkenal dengan sebutan U-Class. Selain Jerman, negara yang populer menggunakan kapal selam sebagai kekuatan utama Angkatan Laut adalah Uni Soviet/Rusia. Salah satu pesawat selam yang lain adalah lonceng selam.

Kapal selam militer digunakan untuk kepentingan perang atau patroli laut suatu negara, berdasarkan jenisnya setiap kapal selam militer selalu dilengkapi dengan senjata seperti meriam kanon, torpedo, rudal penjelajah / anti pesawat dan anti kapal permukaan, serta rudal balistik antar benua.

SONAR SYSTEMS

How Nuclear Submarine are Made

A nuclear submarine is a ship powered by atomic energy that travels primarily under-water, but also on the surface of the ocean. Previously, conventional submarines used diesel engines that required air for moving on the surface of the water, and battery-powered electric motors for moving beneath it. The limited lifetime of electric batteries meant that even the most advanced conventional submarine could only remained submerged for a few days at slow speed, and only a few hours at top speed. On the other hand, nuclear submarines can remain under-water for several months. This ability, combined with advanced weapons technology, makes nuclear submarines one of the most useful warships ever built. 

History 

The first serious proposal for a ship designed to travel underwater was made by the English mathematician William Bourne in 1578. Bourne suggested using two hulls, one of wood and one of leather, but this device was never actually built. The first working submarine was built by the Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbel in 1620. Using a design similar to the one proposed by Bourne, this device was propelled beneath the surface of the Thames River by eight wooden oars.

During the early eighteenth century, several small submarines were built using similar designs. In 1747, an unknown inventor suggested attaching goatskin bags to a submarine. Filling the bags with water would lower the submarine, and ejecting water from the bags would raise it. The same basic concept is used in modern ballast tanks.

The submarine was first used in warfare during the American Revolution. The Turtle, designed by Yale student David Bushnell, attempted to attach an explosive to a British warship, but failed to penetrate the copper sheathing on the ship's hull. In 1801, the American inventor Robert Fulton built the Nautilus, a submarine constructed of copper sheets over iron ribs. The Nautilus, which could carry a crew of four, succeeded in sinking ships in tests, but was rejected by both France and England. Fulton was working on a steam-powered submarine that could carry a crew of one hundred when he died in 1815.

During the American Civil War, Horace L. Hunley financed the building of submarines for the Confederacy. The third of these vessels, the H. L. Hunley, attacked and sank the Union ship Housatonic on February 17, 1864, but was itself destroyed in the resulting explosion.

During the late nineteenth century, numerous submarines were built in the United States and Europe. Methods of moving the submarine evolved from hand-operated propellers to steam engines, gasoline engines, and electric motors. Submarines using diesel engines for surface travel and electric batteries for underwater travel were used successfully in World War I and II.

The development of nuclear power after World War II revolutionized submarine technology. Under the direction of Hyman Rickover, an engineer and officer in the U.S. Navy, American inventors Ross Gunn and Philip Abelson designed the Nautilus, the first nuclear submarine that was launched in 1954. By 1959, some nuclear submarines, known as strategic submarines, were used to carry missiles with nuclear warheads. Other nuclear submarines, known as attack submarines, were designed to sink enemy ships and submarines. Strategic submarines and attack submarines became a vital part of naval forces worldwide. The first use of a nuclear submarine in active combat took place in 1982, when the British attack submarine Conqueror sank the Argentine ship General Belgrano during the conflict over the Falkland Islands.

 

Robert Fulton  

Kilo Class Submarines History

The Kilo Class (Project 877) submarine was designed for anti-submarine and anti-ship warfare in the protection of naval bases, coastal installations and sea lanes, and also for general reconnaissance and patrol missions. The Kilo is considered to be to be one of the quietest diesel submarines in the world. The submarine consists of six watertight compartments separated by transverse bulkheads in a pressurised double-hull. This design and the submarine's good reserve buoyancy lead to increased survivability if the submarine is holed, even with one compartment and two adjacent ballast tanks flooded. The foreplanes are positioned on the upper hull in front of the fin or sail. The command and control systems and fire control systems are located in the main control room which is sealed off from the other compartments.

 

Diesel-Electric Submarine - Project 877

The Project 636 design is a generally improved development of the Project 877EKM Kilo class that represents an interim design between the standard 'Kilo' and the new Lada project. The Project 636 is actively promoted for the world market by the Rosvoorouzhenie state-owned company. This submarine has improved range, firepower, acoustic characteristics and reliability. Visually distinguished by a step on the aft casing, the length of the hull is extended by two frame spacings (2 x 600 mm). The additional length permitted increasing the power of diesel-generators and mounting them on improved shock-absorbing support, and reducing twofold the main propulsion shaft speed. Owing to these improvements, the submarine speed and sea endurance were increased, while the noise level was radically decreased. The low noise level of the submarine has been achieved with the selection of quiet machinery, vibration and noise isolation and a special anti-acoustic rubber coating applied on the outer hull surface.

China's 'Third Island' Strategy

Analysts have long wondered if the Chinese navy (PLAN) had a third island chain strategy, beyond the publicly declared strategies for the first island chain (centered on Taiwan) and second island chain (extending from Japan to Indonesia). Many American commentators believed that such a strategy would refer to the ability to project power capable of reaching America's bases in Hawaii.

However, China's recent maritime activities -- such as its extended counterpiracy patrols in the Horn of Africa and its involvement in a number of port development projects in Indian Ocean littorals (dubbed the "string of pearls") -- have raised the suspicion in Indian defense circles that the third island chain lies in the Indian Ocean, and specifically refers to the waters surrounding the Indian Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Iran subs get boost from North Korea

U.S. Navy confirms rogue nation working on underwater stealth technology

Iranian Sub

The U.S. Navy, worried by Iran's increasing underwater capability, has revealed for the first time that the rogue nation has acquired its submarine technology largely from North Korea, which has provided both mini-submarines and manufacturing know-how, according to a report from Joseph Farah's G2 Bulletin.

India Prepares For The Worst

India is preparing for the worst, when it comes to its submarine fleet. This can be seen by the fact that India paid the U.S. Navy $100,000 to be one of the countries that can have American SRDRS (submarine rescue equipment) flown in, on 48 hours notice. 

 

Foxtrot class

 

Indian Kilo Class

India is expecting a submarine disaster.  Indian admirals are resigned to the fact that their submarine fleet (of 16 boats) will shrink before new subs can be built. By 2012, five of India's 16 subs (10 Kilo and two Foxtrot class Russian built boats and four German Type 209s) will be retired (some are already semi-retired because of age and infirmity). Two years after that, India will only have five working subs. Meanwhile, the older subs still go to sea for training. While it would be safer to just keep these boats in port, without the training, these subs, and their crews, would be in even greater danger if war broke out.

Australia's First Submarine Lost with All Hands

Australia is slowly crossing off its list of unsolved war mysteries, yet one stubborn wreck seems determined to stay hidden despite new interest in finding it.

 

Australian Submarine AE-1 missing since 1914 (Photo:Ahoy.tk)

With the recent finding of AHS Centaur off Brisbane, the location of HMAS Sydney in Western Australia and the return of the last two Vietnam MIAs, Australia’s military sleuthing seems on a roll. Yet, the tiny 55m (181ft) submarine AE1, the Royal Australian Navy’s first submarine, lies somewhere in Papua New Guinean waters.

U.S. Department of Defense Announces Latest Contract Awards

CONTRACTS: NAVY

Sikorsky Aircraft Corp., Stratford, Conn., is being awarded a $163,800,000 not-to-exceed undefinitized contract action for the procurement of four S-70B anti-submarine warfare/anti-surface warfare aircraft for the government of Brazil under the foreign military sales program.  This effort includes associated non-recurring engineering, production and transportation.  Work will be performed in Stratford, Conn. (81 percent), Horsehead, N.Y. (10 percent), and Troy, Ala. (9 percent).  Work is expected to be completed in June 2012.  Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year.  This contract was not competitively procured pursuant to FAR 6.301-4.  The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity (N00019-10-C-0009). 

CONTRACTS: NAVY

                 L-3 Services, Inc., Reston, Va., is being awarded a $55,656,285 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity, cost-plus-incentive-fee modification to a previously awarded contract for integration, production, test and evaluation, fielding, training, certification, maintenance, and life-cycle sustainment management support of tactical satellite, telecommunications, information technology networking and psychological operations equipment for various customers.  The cumulative value of this contract, including this modification, is $150,300,000.  Work will be performed in Tampa, Fla. (70 percent), and Fayetteville, N.C. (30 percent), and is expected to be completed by December 2010.  Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year.  This contract was competitively procured through the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command E-commerce web site, with two offers received.  Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic, North Charleston, S.C., is the contracting activity (N65236-07-D-5879).

Bulava Blues Blocks More Boreis

Russia has delayed, for at least a few months, starting construction of their fourth Borei class SSBN (ballistic missile nuclear subs, or "boomers"). Russia wants to have the new Borei class boats replace the current Delta IV class SSBNs. The first Borei is already in the service, but not yet commissioned, and two others are under construction. The problem, and unofficial reason for the delay, is the inability to make the new Bulava SLBM (Sea Launched Ballistic Missile) work. 

Pic : FAS

Strategic nuclear force in transition

While the US continues the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty START) talks with the Russians, (The White House recently made a very quiet announcement that the talks have been extended past the former Treaty’s termination date.) there are indications that the US strategic nuclear forces are in a transition from a Triad force to a Dyad one.

During the era of the cold war and nuclear deterrence with the Soviet Union the US strategic force was based upon three components—strategic bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs)—this was the called the nuclear Triad.. Indications are that the manned bomber force is being phased out.

Pic : Global Security

The Triad was designed to insure nuclear force survivability and attack flexibility. Each leg of the Triad contributed its unique capability to the mix. The manned bomber was the first force component in the nuclear deterrent forces. It added strategic flexibility and the ability to retarget during the conduct of any phase of a nuclear war.